| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w17852 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 17852 |
| Big BRICs, Weak Foundations: The Beginning of Public Elementary Education in Brazil, Russia, India, and China | |
| Latika Chaudhary; Aldo Musacchio; Steven Nafziger; Se Yan | |
| 发表日期 | 2012-02-16 |
| 出版年 | 2012 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | Our paper provides a comparative perspective on the development of public primary education in four of the largest developing economies circa 1910: Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC). These four countries encompassed more than 50 percent of the world's population in 1910, but remarkably few of their citizens attended any school by the early 20th century. We present new, comparable data on school inputs and outputs for BRIC drawn from contemporary surveys and government documents. Recent studies emphasize the importance of political decentralization, and relatively broad political voice for the early spread of public primary education in developed economies. We identify the former and the lack of the latter to be important in the context of BRIC, but we also outline how other factors such as factor endowments, colonialism, serfdom, and, especially, the characteristics of the political and economic elite help explain the low achievement levels of these four countries and the incredible amount of heterogeneity within each of them. |
| 主题 | Health, Education, and Welfare ; Education ; History ; Labor and Health History ; Development and Growth ; Development |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w17852 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/575527 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Latika Chaudhary,Aldo Musacchio,Steven Nafziger,et al. Big BRICs, Weak Foundations: The Beginning of Public Elementary Education in Brazil, Russia, India, and China. 2012. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w17852.pdf（1735KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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