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来源类型Working Paper
规范类型报告
DOI10.3386/w18350
来源IDWorking Paper 18350
From Empty Pews to Empty Cradles: Fertility Decline Among European Catholics
Eli Berman; Laurence R. Iannaccone; Giuseppe Ragusa
发表日期2012-08-31
出版年2012
语种英语
摘要Catholic countries of Europe pose a demographic puzzle -fertility is unprecedentedly low (total fertility=1.3) despite low female labor force participation. We model three channels of religious effects on demand for children: through changing norms, reduced market wages, and reduced costs of childrearing. We estimate their effects using new panel data on church attendance and clergy employment for thirteen European countries from 1960-2000, spanning the Second Vatican Council (1962-65). Catholic theology is uniform across countries. Yet service varied considerably across countries and over time, especially before the Council, reflecting differences in Church provision of education, health, welfare and other social services. We use differential declines in service provision --measured by nuns/capita-- to identify its effect on fertility, controlling for secular trends. They are large: 300 to 400 children per nun. Reduced religiosity (measured by church attendance) has no effect for Protestants, but predicts fertility decline for Catholics. The data suggest that service provision and religiosity complement each other -a finding consistent with preferential provision of services to church attendees. Nuns outperform priests in predicting fertility, suggesting that the childrearing cost channel dominates theology and norms.
主题Public Economics ; Taxation ; Public Goods ; Health, Education, and Welfare ; Poverty and Wellbeing ; Labor Economics ; Demography and Aging ; Other ; Culture
URLhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w18350
来源智库National Bureau of Economic Research (United States)
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条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/576026
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Eli Berman,Laurence R. Iannaccone,Giuseppe Ragusa. From Empty Pews to Empty Cradles: Fertility Decline Among European Catholics. 2012.
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