全球智库信息集成服务系统(G2TT): The Regulation of Prescription Drug Competition and Market Responses: Patterns in Prices and Sales Following Loss of Exclusivity

G2TT

来源类型	Working Paper
规范类型	报告
DOI	10.3386/w19487
来源ID	Working Paper 19487
	The Regulation of Prescription Drug Competition and Market Responses: Patterns in Prices and Sales Following Loss of Exclusivity
	Murray L. Aitken; Ernst R. Berndt; Barry Bosworth; Iain M. Cockburn; Richard Frank; Michael Kleinrock; Bradley T. Shapiro
发表日期	2013-10-04
出版年	2013
语种	英语
摘要	We examine six molecules facing initial loss of US exclusivity (LOE, from patent expiration or challenges) between June 2009 and May 2013 that were among the 50 most prescribed molecules in May 2013. We examine prices per day of therapy (from the perspective of average revenue received by retail pharmacy per day of therapy) and utilization separately for four payer types (cash, Medicare Part D, Medicaid, and other third party payer - TPP) and age under vs. 65 and older. We find that quantity substitutions away from the brand are much larger proportionately and more rapid than average price reductions during the first six months following initial LOE. Brands continue to raise prices after generics enter. Expansion of total molecule sales (brand plus generic) following LOE is an increasingly common phenomenon compared with earlier eras. The number of days of therapy in a prescription has generally increased over time. Generic penetration rates are typically highest and most rapid for TPPs, and lowest and slowest for Medicaid. Cash customers and seniors generally pay the highest prices for brands and generics, third party payers and those under 65 pay the lowest prices, with Medicaid and Medicare Part D in between. The presence of an authorized generic during the 180-day exclusivity period has a significant impact on prices and volumes of prescriptions, but this varies across molecules.
主题	Microeconomics ; Market Structure and Distribution ; Health, Education, and Welfare ; Health ; Industrial Organization ; Industry Studies
URL	https://www.nber.org/papers/w19487
来源智库	National Bureau of Economic Research (United States)
引用统计
资源类型	智库出版物
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/577162
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Murray L. Aitken,Ernst R. Berndt,Barry Bosworth,et al. The Regulation of Prescription Drug Competition and Market Responses: Patterns in Prices and Sales Following Loss of Exclusivity. 2013.