| 来源类型 | Working Paper
|
| 规范类型 | 报告
|
| DOI | 10.3386/w19754
|
| 来源ID | Working Paper 19754
|
| Per-capita Income as a Determinant of International Trade and Environmental Policies |
| James R. Markusen
|
| 发表日期 | 2013-12-19
|
| 出版年 | 2013
|
| 语种 | 英语
|
| 摘要 | International trade policy analysis has tended to focus on the production side of general equilibrium, with policies such as a tariff or carbon tax affecting international and internal income distributions through a Heckscher-Ohlin nexus of factor intensities and factor endowments. Here I move away from this structure to focus on demand and preferences. The specific context is an international environmental externality such as carbon emissions, and I assume a high income elasticity of demand for environmental quality. I analyze how per-capita income differences between two countries affect their abatement efforts in a non-cooperative policy-setting game. This outcome can then be used as a disagreement point to analyze cooperative Nash bargaining. In both outcomes, the poor country makes a lower abatement effort in equilibrium; indeed, it may make none at all and cooperative bargaining with only abatement levels as an instrument may offer no gains. Other features include a novel terms-of-trade externality in which an abating country passes on a part of its abatement cost to its trading partner, in which case the non-cooperative and cooperative outcomes are identical under special symmetry assumptions. When per-capita income differences are large, the poor country may be worse off when the rich country abates. Finally, I examine "issue linking" in international bargaining, in which one country is both large and rich, and hence has both a high tariff and a high abatement effort in a non-cooperative equilibrium. |
| 主题 | International Economics
; Trade
; Environmental and Resource Economics
; Environment
|
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w19754
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| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States)
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| 引用统计 |
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| 资源类型 | 智库出版物
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| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/577428
|
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714 |
James R. Markusen. Per-capita Income as a Determinant of International Trade and Environmental Policies. 2013.
|
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