| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w19785 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 19785 |
| Do In-Work Tax Credits Serve as a Safety Net? | |
| Marianne Bitler; Hilary Hoynes; Elira Kuka | |
| 发表日期 | 2014-01-03 |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | The cash and near cash safety net in the U.S. has undergone a dramatic transformation in the past fifteen years. Federal welfare reform has led to the "elimination of welfare as we know it" and several tax reforms have substantially increased the role of "in-work"' assistance. In 2010, we spent more than 5 dollars on the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) for every dollar spent on cash benefits through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), whereas in 1994 on the eve of federal welfare reform these programs were about equal in size. In this paper, we evaluate and test whether the EITC satisfies a defining feature of a safety net program--that it responds to economic need. In particular, we explore how EITC participation and expenditures change with the business cycle. The fact that the EITC requires earned income leads to a theoretical ambiguity in the cyclical responsiveness of the credit. We use administrative IRS data to examine the relationship between business cycles and the EITC program. Our empirical strategy relies on exploiting differences in the timing and severity of economic cycles across states. The results show that higher unemployment rates lead to higher EITC recipients and total dollar amounts of credits for married couples. On the other hand, the effect of business cycles on the EITC is insignificant for single individuals, whether measured by recipients or expenditures. In sum, our results show that the EITC serves as an automatic stabilizer for married couples with children but not for the majority of recipients--single parents with children. The patterns we identify are consistent with the predictions of static labor supply theory, and with expectations about how economic shocks are likely to affect one versus two-earner households. |
| 主题 | Public Economics ; Taxation ; Health, Education, and Welfare ; Education ; Poverty and Wellbeing |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w19785 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/577458 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Marianne Bitler,Hilary Hoynes,Elira Kuka. Do In-Work Tax Credits Serve as a Safety Net?. 2014. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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