全球智库信息集成服务系统(G2TT): Early Life Environment and Racial Inequality in Education and Earnings in the United States

G2TT

来源类型	Working Paper
规范类型	报告
DOI	10.3386/w20539
来源ID	Working Paper 20539
	Early Life Environment and Racial Inequality in Education and Earnings in the United States
	Kenneth Y. Chay; Jonathan Guryan; Bhashkar Mazumder
发表日期	2014-10-06
出版年	2014
语种	英语
摘要	Chay, Guryan and Mazumder (2009) found substantial racial convergence in AFQT and NAEP scores across cohorts born in the 1960's and early 1970's that was concentrated among blacks in the South. We demonstrated a close tracking between variation in the test score convergence across states and racial convergence in measures of health and hospital access in the years immediately after birth. This study analyzes whether the across-cohort patterns in the black-white education and earnings gaps match those in early life health and test scores already established. It also addresses caveats in the earlier study, such as unobserved selection into taking the AFQT and potential discrepancies between state-of-birth and state-of-test taking. With Census data, we find: i) a significant narrowing across the same cohorts in education gaps driven primarily by a relative increase in the probability of blacks going to college; and ii) a similar convergence in relative earnings that is insensitive to adjustments for employment selection, as well as time and age effects that vary by race and state-of-residence. The variation in racial convergence across birth states matches the patterns in the earlier study. The magnitude of the earnings gains is greater than can be explained by only the black gains in education and test scores for reasonable estimates of the returns to human capital. This suggests that other pre-market, productivity factors also improved across successive cohorts of blacks born in the South between the early 1960's and early 1970's. Finally, our cohort-based hypothesis provides a cohesive explanation for the aggregate patterns in several, previously disconnected literatures.
主题	Health, Education, and Welfare ; Health ; Labor Economics ; Demography and Aging ; Labor Supply and Demand ; Labor Compensation
URL	https://www.nber.org/papers/w20539
来源智库	National Bureau of Economic Research (United States)
引用统计
资源类型	智库出版物
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/578213
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Kenneth Y. Chay,Jonathan Guryan,Bhashkar Mazumder. Early Life Environment and Racial Inequality in Education and Earnings in the United States. 2014.