| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w20749 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 20749 |
| Fostering and Measuring Skills: Improving Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills to Promote Lifetime Success | |
| Tim Kautz; James J. Heckman; Ron Diris; Bas ter Weel; Lex Borghans | |
| 发表日期 | 2014-12-15 |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | This paper reviews the recent literature on measuring and boosting cognitive and noncognitive skills. The literature establishes that achievement tests do not adequately capture character skills|personality traits, goals, motivations, and preferences that are valued in the labor market, in school, and in many other domains. Their predictive power rivals that of cognitive skills. Reliable measures of character have been developed. All measures of character and cognition are measures of performance on some task. In order to reliably estimate skills from tasks, it is necessary to standardize for incentives, effort, and other skills when measuring any particular skill. Character is a skill, not a trait. At any age, character skills are stable across different tasks, but skills can change over the life cycle. Character is shaped by families, schools, and social environments. Skill development is a dynamic process, in which the early years lay the foundation for successful investment in later years. High-quality early childhood and elementary school programs improve character skills in a lasting and cost-effective way. Many of them beneficially affect later-life outcomes without improving cognition. There are fewer long-term evaluations of adolescent interventions, but workplace-based programs that teach character skills are promising. The common feature of successful interventions across all stages of the life cycle through adulthood is that they promote attachment and provide a secure base for exploration and learning for the child. Successful interventions emulate the mentoring environments offered by successful families. |
| 主题 | Microeconomics ; Health, Education, and Welfare ; Education ; Labor Economics ; Labor Supply and Demand |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w20749 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/578424 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Tim Kautz,James J. Heckman,Ron Diris,et al. Fostering and Measuring Skills: Improving Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills to Promote Lifetime Success. 2014. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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