| 来源类型 | Working Paper
|
| 规范类型 | 报告
|
| DOI | 10.3386/w20799
|
| 来源ID | Working Paper 20799
|
| Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Innovation: Evidence from TRIPS |
| Margaret Kyle; Yi Qian
|
| 发表日期 | 2014-12-29
|
| 出版年 | 2014
|
| 语种 | 英语
|
| 摘要 | We examine the effect of pharmaceutical patent protection on the speed of drug launch, price, and quantity in 60 countries from 2000-2013. The World Trade Organization required its member countries to implement a minimum level of patent protection within a specified time period as part of the TRIPS Agreement. However, members retained the right to impose price controls and to issue compulsory licenses under certain conditions. These countervailing policies were intended to reduce the potential static losses that result from reduced competition during the patent term. We take advantage of the fact that at the product level, selection into TRIPS "treatment" is exogenously determined by compliance deadlines that vary across countries. We find that patents have important consequences for access to new drugs: in the absence of a patent, launch is unlikely. That is, even when no patent barrier exists, generic entry may not occur. Conditional on launch, patented drugs have higher prices but higher sales as well. The price premium associated with patents is smaller in poorer countries. Price discrimination across countries has increased for drugs patented post-TRIPS and prices are negatively related to the burden of disease, suggesting that countervailing policies to offset expected price increases may have had the intended effects. |
| 主题 | Health, Education, and Welfare
; Health
; Development and Growth
; Innovation and R&
; D
|
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w20799
|
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States)
|
| 引用统计 |
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| 资源类型 | 智库出版物
|
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/578473
|
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714 |
Margaret Kyle,Yi Qian. Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Innovation: Evidence from TRIPS. 2014.
|
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