| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w20833 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 20833 |
| The Returns to the Federal Tax Credits for Higher Education | |
| George B. Bulman; Caroline M. Hoxby | |
| 发表日期 | 2015-01-12 |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | Three tax credits benefit households who pay tuition and fees for higher education. The credits have been justified as an investment: generating more educated people and thus more earnings and externalities associated with education. The credits have also been justified purely as tax cuts to benefit the middle class. In 2009, the generosity of and eligibility for the tax credits expanded enormously so that their 2011 cost was $25 billion. Using selected, de-identified data from the population of potential filers, we show how the credits are distributed across households with different incomes. We estimate the causal effects of the federal tax credits using two empirical strategies (regression kink and simulated instruments) which we show to be strong and very credibly valid for this application. The latter strategy exploits the massive expansion of the credits in 2009. We present causal estimates of the credits' effects on postsecondary attendance, the type of college attended, the resources experienced in college, tuition paid, and financial aid received. We discuss the implications of our findings for society's return on investment and for the tax credits' budget neutrality over the long term (whether higher lifetime earnings generate sufficient taxes to recoup the tax expenditures). We assess several explanations why the credits appear to have negligible causal effects. |
| 主题 | Public Economics ; Taxation ; Health, Education, and Welfare ; Education |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w20833 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/578507 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | George B. Bulman,Caroline M. Hoxby. The Returns to the Federal Tax Credits for Higher Education. 2015. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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