| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w20914 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 20914 |
| Environmental Engel Curves | |
| Arik Levinson; James O'; Brien | |
| 发表日期 | 2015-02-02 |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | Environmental Engel curves (EECs) plot the relationship between households’ incomes and the pollution embodied in the goods and services they consume. They provide a basis for estimating the degree to which observed environmental improvements, which come in part from changing consumption patterns, can be attributed to income growth. We calculate a set of annual EECs for the United States from 1984 to 2002, revealing three clear results. First, EECs are upward sloping: richer households are indirectly responsible for more pollution. Second, EECs are convex, with income elasticities of less than one. Third, EECs have been shifting down over time: at every level of income households are responsible for decreasing amounts of pollution. We show that even without changes to production techniques, the pollution necessary to produce the goods and services American households consume would have declined 5 to 8 percent, despite a 13 percent increase in real household incomes. Most of this improvement is attributable to households consuming a less pollution-intensive mix of goods, driven about equally by two factors: household income growth represented by movement along convex EECs; and economy-wide changes represented by downward shifts in EECs. |
| 主题 | Environmental and Resource Economics ; Environment |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w20914 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/578588 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Arik Levinson,James O',Brien. Environmental Engel Curves. 2015. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
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