G2TT
来源类型Working Paper
规范类型报告
DOI10.3386/w21910
来源IDWorking Paper 21910
Infrastructure, Incentives and Institutions
Nava Ashraf; Edward L. Glaeser; Giacomo A.M. Ponzetto
发表日期2016-01-25
出版年2016
语种英语
摘要Cities generate negative, as well as positive, externalities; addressing those externalities requires both infrastructure and institutions. Providing clean water and removing refuse requires water and sewer pipes, but the urban poor are often unwilling to pay for the costs of that piping. Standard welfare economics teaches us that either subsidies or Pigouvian fines can solve that problem, but both solution are problematic when institutions are weak. Subsidies lead to waste and corruption; fines lead to extortion of the innocent. Zambia has attempted to solve its problem with subsidies alone, but the subsidies have been too small to solve the “last-mile problem” and so most poor households remain unconnected to the water and sewer system. In nineteenth-century New York, subsidies also proved insufficient and were largely replaced by a penalty-based system. We present a model that illustrates the complementarity between infrastructure and institutions and provides conditions for whether fines, subsidies or a combination of both are the optimal response. One point of the model is that the optimal fine is often not a draconian penalty, but a mild charge that is small enough to avoid extortion.
主题Public Economics ; Public Goods ; Health, Education, and Welfare ; Health ; History ; Other History ; Development and Growth ; Development ; Regional and Urban Economics
URLhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w21910
来源智库National Bureau of Economic Research (United States)
引用统计
资源类型智库出版物
条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/579585
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Nava Ashraf,Edward L. Glaeser,Giacomo A.M. Ponzetto. Infrastructure, Incentives and Institutions. 2016.
条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小 资源类型 版本类型 开放类型 使用许可
w21910.pdf(245KB)智库出版物 限制开放CC BY-NC-SA浏览
个性服务
推荐该条目
保存到收藏夹
导出为Endnote文件
谷歌学术
谷歌学术中相似的文章
[Nava Ashraf]的文章
[Edward L. Glaeser]的文章
[Giacomo A.M. Ponzetto]的文章
百度学术
百度学术中相似的文章
[Nava Ashraf]的文章
[Edward L. Glaeser]的文章
[Giacomo A.M. Ponzetto]的文章
必应学术
必应学术中相似的文章
[Nava Ashraf]的文章
[Edward L. Glaeser]的文章
[Giacomo A.M. Ponzetto]的文章
相关权益政策
暂无数据
收藏/分享
文件名: w21910.pdf
格式: Adobe PDF
此文件暂不支持浏览

除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。