| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w24333 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 24333 |
| Explaining the Decline in the U.S. Employment-to-Population Ratio: a Review of the Evidence | |
| Katharine G. Abraham; Melissa S. Kearney | |
| 发表日期 | 2018-02-19 |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | This paper first documents trends in employment rates and then reviews what is known about the various factors that have been proposed to explain the decline in the overall employment-to-population ratio between 1999 and 2018. Population aging has had a large effect on the overall employment rate over this period, but within-age-group declines in employment among young and prime age adults also have played a central role. Among the factors whose effects the evidence allows us to quantify, labor demand factors, in particular increased import competition from China and the penetration of robots into the labor market, are the most important drivers of observed within-group declines in employment. Labor supply factors, most notably increased participation in disability insurance programs, have played a less important but not inconsequential role. Increases in the real value of state minimum wages and in the share of individuals with prison records also have contributed modestly to the decline in the aggregate employment rate. In addition to the factors whose effects we roughly quantify, we identify a set of potentially important factors about which the evidence does not yet allow us to draw clear conclusions. These include the challenges associated with arranging child care, improvements in leisure technology, changing social norms, increased use of opioids, the growth in occupational licensing, and declining labor market fluidity. Our evidence-driven ranking of factors should be useful for guiding future discussions about the sources of decline in the aggregate employment-to-population ratio and consequently the likely efficacy of alternative policy approaches to increasing employment rates. |
| 主题 | Labor Economics ; Labor Supply and Demand |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w24333 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/582006 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Katharine G. Abraham,Melissa S. Kearney. Explaining the Decline in the U.S. Employment-to-Population Ratio: a Review of the Evidence. 2018. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w24333.pdf（462KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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