| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w26377 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 26377 |
| Defining Opportunity versus Necessity Entrepreneurship: Two Components of Business Creation | |
| Robert W. Fairlie; Frank M. Fossen | |
| 发表日期 | 2019-10-21 |
| 出版年 | 2019 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | A proposed explanation for why business creation is often found to increase in recessions is that there are two components to entrepreneurship – “opportunity” and “necessity” – the latter of which is mostly counter-cyclical. Although there is some agreement on the conceptual distinction between these two factors driving entrepreneurship, there is little consensus in the literature on empirical definitions. The goal of this paper is to propose an operational definition of opportunity versus necessity entrepreneurship based on the entrepreneur’s prior work status (i.e. based on previous unemployment) that is straightforward, based on objective information, and empirically feasible using many large, nationally representative datasets. We then explore the validity of the definitions with theory and empirical evidence. Using datasets from the United States and Germany we find that 80-90 percent of entrepreneurs are opportunity entrepreneurs. Applying our proposed definitions, we document that opportunity entrepreneurship is generally pro-cyclical and necessity entrepreneurship is strongly counter-cyclical both at the national levels and across local economic conditions. We also find that opportunity vs. necessity entrepreneurship is associated with the creation of more growth-oriented businesses. The operational definitions of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship proposed here may be useful for distinguishing between the two types of entrepreneurship in future research. |
| 主题 | Labor Economics ; Labor Supply and Demand ; Unemployment and Immigration ; Industrial Organization ; Firm Behavior |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w26377 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/584051 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Robert W. Fairlie,Frank M. Fossen. Defining Opportunity versus Necessity Entrepreneurship: Two Components of Business Creation. 2019. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w26377.pdf（328KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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