| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w26484 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 26484 |
| Leaning In or Not Leaning Out? Opt-Out Choice Framing Attenuates Gender Differences in the Decision to Compete | |
| Joyce He; Sonia Kang; Nicola Lacetera | |
| 发表日期 | 2019-11-25 |
| 出版年 | 2019 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | In most organizations, promotions often require self-nomination and competition among applicants. However, research on gender differences in preferences for competition suggests that this process might result in fewer women choosing to participate. We study whether changing promotion schemes from a default where applicants must opt in (i.e., self-nominate) to a default where applicants must opt out (i.e., they are automatically considered for promotion, but can choose not to be considered) attenuates gender differences. In our first experiment, although women are less likely than men to choose competitive environments under the traditional opt-in framing, in the opt-out system both women and men have the same participation rate as men in the opt-in system. The increase in participation of women into competition is not associated with negative consequences on performance or well-being. In our second experiment, we show that opt-out framing does not entail penalties from evaluators making decisions about whom to hire. These results support the promise of choice architecture to reduce disparities in organizations. More generally, our findings suggest that gender differences in attitudes toward completion may be context-dependent. |
| 主题 | Econometrics ; Experimental Design ; Microeconomics ; Behavioral Economics ; Labor Economics ; Demography and Aging ; Labor Supply and Demand ; Other ; Accounting, Marketing, and Personnel |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w26484 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/584157 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Joyce He,Sonia Kang,Nicola Lacetera. Leaning In or Not Leaning Out? Opt-Out Choice Framing Attenuates Gender Differences in the Decision to Compete. 2019. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w26484.pdf（863KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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