| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w27854 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 27854 |
| War, Socialism and the Rise of Fascism: An Empirical Exploration | |
| Daron Acemoglu; Giuseppe De Feo; Giacomo De Luca; Gianluca Russo | |
| 发表日期 | 2020-09-28 |
| 出版年 | 2020 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | The recent ascent of right-wing populist movements in many countries has rekindled interest in understanding the causes of the rise of Fascism in inter-war years. In this paper, we argue that there was a strong link between the surge of support for the Socialist Party after World War I (WWI) and the subsequent emergence of Fascism in Italy. We first develop a source of variation in Socialist support across Italian municipalities in the 1919 election based on war casualties from the area. We show that these casualties are unrelated to a battery of political, economic and social variables before the war and had a major impact on Socialist support (partly because the Socialists were the main anti-war political movement). Our main result is that this boost to Socialist support (that is “exogenous” to the prior political leaning of the municipality) led to greater local Fascist activity as measured by local party branches and Fascist political violence (squadrismo), and to significantly larger vote share of the Fascist Party in the 1924 election. We document that the increase in the vote share of the Fascist Party was not at the expense of the Socialist Party and instead came from right-wing parties, thus supporting our interpretation that center-right and right-wing voters coalesced around the Fascist Party because of the “red scare”. We also show that the veterans did not consistently support the Fascist Party and there is no evidence for greater nationalist sentiment in areas with more casualties. We provide evidence that landowner associations and greater presence of local elites played an important role in the rise of Fascism. Finally, we find greater likelihood of Jewish deportations in 1943-45 and lower vote share for Christian Democrats after World War II in areas with greater early Fascist activity. |
| 主题 | Microeconomics ; Welfare and Collective Choice |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w27854 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/585528 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Daron Acemoglu,Giuseppe De Feo,Giacomo De Luca,et al. War, Socialism and the Rise of Fascism: An Empirical Exploration. 2020. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w27854.pdf（838KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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