| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w28085 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 28085 |
| Optimal Vaccine Subsidies for Endemic and Epidemic Diseases | |
| Matthew Goodkin-Gold; Michael Kremer; Christopher M. Snyder; Heidi L. Williams | |
| 发表日期 | 2020-11-16 |
| 出版年 | 2020 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | Vaccines exert a positive externality, reducing spread of disease from the consumer to others, providing a rationale for subsidies. We study how optimal subsidies vary with disease characteristics by integrating a standard epidemiological model into a vaccine market with rational economic agents. In the steady-state equilibrium for an endemic disease, across market structures ranging from competition to monopoly, the marginal externality and optimal subsidy are non-monotonic in disease infectiousness, peaking for diseases that spread quickly but not so quickly as to drive all consumers to become vaccinated. Motivated by the Covid-19 pandemic, we adapt the analysis to study a vaccine campaign introduced at a point in time against an emerging epidemic. While the nonmonotonic pattern of the optimal subsidy persists, new findings emerge. Universal vaccination with a perfectly effective vaccine becomes a viable firm strategy: the marginal consumer is still willing to pay since those infected before vaccine rollout remain a source of transmission. We derive a simple condition under which vaccination exhibits increasing social returns, providing an argument for concentrating a capacity-constrained campaign in few regions. We discuss a variety of extensions and calibrations of the results to vaccines and other mitigation measures targeting existing diseases. |
| 主题 | Microeconomics ; Market Structure and Distribution ; Health, Education, and Welfare ; Health ; Industrial Organization ; Market Structure and Firm Performance ; Industry Studies ; Development and Growth ; Innovation and R& ; D ; COVID-19 |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w28085 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/585759 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Matthew Goodkin-Gold,Michael Kremer,Christopher M. Snyder,et al. Optimal Vaccine Subsidies for Endemic and Epidemic Diseases. 2020. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w28085.pdf（730KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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