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来源类型Working Paper
规范类型报告
DOI10.3386/w28297
来源IDWorking Paper 28297
History\u2019s Masters: The Effect of European Monarchs on State Performance
Sebastian Ottinger; Nico Voigtländer
发表日期2021-01-04
出版年2021
语种英语
摘要We create a novel reign-level dataset for European monarchs, covering all major European states between the 10th and 18th centuries. We first document a strong positive relationship between rulers’ cognitive ability and state-level outcomes. To address endogeneity issues, we exploit the facts that i) rulers were appointed according to hereditary succession, independent of their ability, and ii) the wide-spread inbreeding among the ruling dynasties of Europe led over centuries to quasi-random variation in ruler ability. We code the degree of blood relationship between the parents of rulers, which also reflects ‘hidden’ layers of inbreeding from previous generations. The ‘coefficient of inbreeding’ is a strong predictor of ruler ability, and the corresponding instrumental variable results imply that ruler ability had a sizeable effect on the performance of states and their borders. This supports the view that ‘leaders made history,’ shaping the European map until its consolidation into nation states. We also show that rulers mattered only where their power was largely unconstrained. In reigns where parliaments checked the power of monarchs, ruler ability no longer affected their state’s performance. Thus, the strengthening of parliaments in Northern European states (where kin marriage of dynasties was particularly wide-spread) may have shielded them from the detrimental effects of inbreeding.
主题Microeconomics ; Welfare and Collective Choice ; History ; Other History ; Other ; Economic Systems
URLhttps://www.nber.org/papers/w28297
来源智库National Bureau of Economic Research (United States)
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条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/585970
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Sebastian Ottinger,Nico Voigtländer. History\u2019s Masters: The Effect of European Monarchs on State Performance. 2021.
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