| 来源类型 | Working Paper
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| 规范类型 | 报告
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| DOI | 10.3386/w29884
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| 来源ID | Working Paper 29884
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| Vaccination Rates and COVID Outcomes across U.S. States |
| Robert J. Barro
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| 发表日期 | 2022-03-28
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| 出版年 | 2022
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| 语种 | 英语
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| 摘要 | Rates of COVID deaths, hospitalizations, and cases differ markedly across U.S. states, as do rates of vaccination. This study uses cross-state regressions to assess impacts of vaccinations on COVID outcomes. A number of familiar issues arise concerning cross-sectional regressions, including omitted variables, behavioral responses to vaccination, and reverse causation. The benefits from a field context and from the broad range of observed variations suggest the value from dealing with these issues. Results reveal sizable negative effects of vaccination on deaths, hospitalizations, and cases up to early December 2021, although vaccine efficacy seems to wane over time. The findings for deaths apply to all-cause excess mortality as well as COVID-related mortality. The estimates imply that one expected life saved requires 248 additional doses, with a marginal cost around $55000, far below typical estimates of the value of a statistical life. Results since December 2021 suggest smaller effects of vaccinations on deaths and, especially, hospitalizations and cases, possibly because of diminished effectiveness of vaccines against new forms of the virus, notably the omicron variant. A further possibility is that confidence engendered by vaccinations may have motivated individuals and governments to lessen non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as masking and social distancing. |
| 主题 | Health, Education, and Welfare
; Health
; COVID-19
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| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w29884
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| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States)
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| 引用统计 |
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| 资源类型 | 智库出版物
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| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/587556
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推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714 |
Robert J. Barro. Vaccination Rates and COVID Outcomes across U.S. States. 2022.
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文件名：
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w29884.pdf
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格式：
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Adobe PDF
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