| 来源类型 | Working Paper |
| 规范类型 | 报告 |
| DOI | 10.3386/w29818 |
| 来源ID | Working Paper 29818 |
| Inequality and Income Dynamics in Germany | |
| Moritz Drechsel-Grau; Andreas Peichl; Johannes F. Schmieder; Kai D. Schmid; Hannes Walz; Stefanie Wolter | |
| 发表日期 | 2022-04-04 |
| 出版年 | 2022 |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| 摘要 | We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us – for the first time – to offer a complete picture of the distribution of annual earnings in Germany. We find that cross-sectional inequality rose until 2009 for men and women. After the Great Recession inequality continued to rise at a slower rate for men and fell slightly for women due to compression at the lower tail. We further document substantial gender differences in average earnings and inequality over the life-cycle. While for men earnings rise and inequality falls as they grow older, many women reduce working hours when starting a family such that average earnings fall and inequality increases. Men’s earnings changes are on average smaller than women’s but are substantially more affected by the business cycle. During the Great Recession, men’s earnings losses become magnified and gains are attenuated. Apart from recession years, earnings changes are significantly right-skewed reflecting the good overall state of the German labor market and increasing labor supply. In the second part of the paper, we study the distribution of total income including incomes of self-employed, business owners, and landlords. We find that total inequality increased significantly more than earnings inequality. Regarding income dynamics, entrepreneurs’ income changes are more dispersed, less skewed, less leptokurtic and less dependent on average past income than workers’ income changes. Finally, we find that top income earners have become less likely to fall out of the top 1 and 0.1 percent. |
| 主题 | Macroeconomics ; Consumption and Investment ; Labor Economics ; Demography and Aging ; Labor Compensation |
| URL | https://www.nber.org/papers/w29818 |
| 来源智库 | National Bureau of Economic Research (United States) |
| 引用统计 | |
| 资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/587568 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Moritz Drechsel-Grau,Andreas Peichl,Johannes F. Schmieder,et al. Inequality and Income Dynamics in Germany. 2022. |
| 条目包含的文件 | ||||||
| 文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
| w29818.pdf（6680KB） | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
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