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Deviations of policy interest rates from the levels implied by the Taylor rule have been persistent before the financial crisis and increased especially after the turn of the century. Compared to the Taylor benchmark, policy rates were often too low. This paper provides evidence that both international spillovers, for instance international dependencies in the interest rate-setting of central banks, and nonlinear reaction patterns can offer a more realistic specification of the Taylor rule in the main industrial countries. The inclusion of international spillovers and, even more, nonlinear dynamics improves the explanatory power of standard Taylor reaction functions. Deviations from Taylor rates tend to be smaller and their negative trend can be eliminated.

Ansgar Belke is at the University of Duisburg-Essen and Centre for European Policy Studies; Joscha Beckmann is at the University of Duisburg-Essen and Kiel Institute for the World Economy; and Christian Dreger is at teh  German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin).