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This study takes stock of the main developments that have occurred in the Schengen Governance Framework since 2016. It analyses the legitimacy of a number of States’ decisions to maintain internal border controls and assesses the most recent policy proposals in the field of internal police checks in light of relevant EU legal standards. The paper also questions the legality of the border walls and fences, which have recently been erected at the EU external borders and within the Schengen area.

The study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE-Committee). It can be downloaded from the Parliament’s website here and is republished on the CEPS website with the kind permission of the European Parliament.

Sergio Carrera is Senior Research Fellow and Head of the Justice and Home Affairs section at CEPS; and Professor at the Migration Policy Centre, European University Institute (EUI) in Florence. Marco Stefan is Research Fellow at CEPS. Ngo Chun Luk and Lina Vosyliūtė are Researchers at CEPS.