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Co-Operation or Co-Optation? NGOs’ Roles in Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative
Desmond McNeill et al
发表日期2017-03-06
出处In Forests, 2017.
出版年2017
语种英语
摘要

Desmond McNeill et al:Co-Operation or Co-Optation? NGOs’ Roles in Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative

In Forests, 2017.

Authors

Erlend A. T. Hermansen, Desmond McNeill, Sjur Kasa and Raoni Rajão

Abstract

This paper investigates non-governmental organisation (NGO) involvement in policy processes related to Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) comparing four countries: Norway, Brazil, Indonesia, and Tanzania. Based on documents and interviews, NGO involvement is mapped using a conceptual framework to categorise and compare different roles and modes of engagement. NGOs have co-operated with government in policy design and implementation, albeit to varying degrees, in all four countries, but expressed relatively little public criticism. Funding seems to have an influence on NGOs’ choices regarding whether, what, when, and how to criticise. However, limited public criticism does not necessarily mean that the NGOs are co-opted. They are reflexive regarding their possible operating space, and act strategically and pragmatically to pursue their goals in an entrepreneurial manner. The interests of NGOs and NICFI are to a large extent congruent. Instead of publicly criticising a global initiative that they largely support, and thus put the initiative as a whole at risk, NGOs may use other, more informal, channels to voice points of disagreement. While NGOs do indeed run the risk of being co-opted, their opportunity to resist this fate is probably greater in this instance than is usually the case because NICFI are so reliant on their services.

Keywords: REDD+; NGOs; policymaking; co-operation; co-optation; policy entrepreneurship REDD+; NGOs; policymaking; co-operation; co-optation; policy entrepreneurship.

URLhttps://www.sum.uio.no/english/research/publications/2017/mcneill-co-optation.html
来源智库Centre for Development and the Environment (Norway)
资源类型智库出版物
条目标识符http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/65948
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Desmond McNeill et al. Co-Operation or Co-Optation? NGOs’ Roles in Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative. 2017.
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