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The use of the carbon tax to encourage behavioural change, which most economists consider to be the most effective policy, has faced public hostility in recent months, pointing in particular to the lack of accessible low-carbon alternatives for travel and to household budgetary constraints. Beyond the mechanical application of a price trajectory, these claims invite us to reconsider the limits of the carbon pricing approach to transform society and to identify the conditions for a sustainable evolution of this tax taking into account both the demand for social justice and the environmental objectives to be achieved - carbon neutrality in 2050.