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One of the major issues surrounding the debate on sustainability of management of
tropical forests is the impact of different forest management strategies on biodiversity.
Recent research has suggested a number of options for minimising the risks to
biodiversity of forestry operations. The maintenance of extensive conventional national
parks and equivalent reserves still constitutes the best option from the purely biological
standpoint. However, social, economic and demographic realities coupled with
increased knowledge of the ecology and distribution of tropical forest species, suggests
that appropriate forestry practice can contribute significantly to biodiversity
conservation. The optimal strategy should be based upon a system of conventional
protected areas, complemented by a reduction of the impact of harvesting and the
retention of unlogged refugia in logged-over-forests.