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Illegal forest activities pose a significant threat to the sustainability of forest
ecosystems, result in losses of government revenues, foster a vicious cycle of bad
governance, and may contribute to increased poverty and social conflict. As such, they
have received considerable attention from the international community, particularly in
recent years. The purpose of this study is to critically examine the range of national and
international policy options available to reduce illegal forest activities by: (i) reviewing
what is known regarding the nature and extent of the problem, (ii) identifying possible
policy responses applicable by producer countries, by consumer countries, or via
international initiatives, and (iii) suggesting possible principles and criteria for further
evaluation and selection of policy options. The report concludes by outlining principles
and criteria to aid the development of appropriate policy options to reduce illegal forest
activities.