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来源类型 | Articles |
规范类型 | 论文 |
ISSN | 0006-3606 |
Forest tree persistence, elephants, and stem scars | |
Mindawati, N.; Heriansyah, I.; Hiratsuka, M.; Toma, T.; Gintings, A.N.; Morikawa, Y. | |
发表日期 | 2004 |
出处 | Biotropica 36(4): 505-521 |
出版年 | 2004 |
语种 | 英语 |
摘要 | Sixteen percent of tree stems 10 cm diameter or greater recorded in seven 1 ha plots in Rabongo Forest, Uganda had stem damage attributable to elephants (Loxodonta africana). We propose four strategies that may help tree species persist under these conditions: repellence, resistance, tolerance and avoidance. We sought and found evidence for each strategy. Large, shade-tolerant Cynometra alexandri dominated basal area (often >50%) and showed severe scarring. Nearly 80 percent of stems were small pioneer species. Scarring frequency and intensity increased with stem size. Stem-size distributions declined steeply, implying a high mortality to growth rate ratio. Tree species with spiny stems or with known toxic bark defenses were unscarred. Epiphytic figs escaped damage while at small sizes. Mid-successional tree species were scarce and appeared sensitive to elephants. Savanna species were seldom scarred. Taking stem size effects into account by using a per-stem logistic modeling approach, scarring became more probable with slower growth and with increasing species abundance, and also varied with location. Pioneer and shade-bearer guilds showed a deficit of intermediate-sized stems. Evidence that selective elephant damage is responsible for monodominant C. alexandri forests remains equivocal; however, elephants do influence tree diversity, forest structure, and the wider landscape. |
主题 | succession ; rain forests ; species richness ; damage ; Cynometra ; stems ; Loxodonta africana |
区域 | Uganda,Africa |
URL | https://www.cifor.org/library/1654/ |
来源智库 | Center for International Forestry Research (Indonesia) |
资源类型 | 智库出版物 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.153/handle/2XGU8XDN/90606 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Mindawati, N.,Heriansyah, I.,Hiratsuka, M.,et al. Forest tree persistence, elephants, and stem scars. 2004. |
条目包含的文件 | ||||||
文件名称/大小 | 资源类型 | 版本类型 | 开放类型 | 使用许可 | ||
1654.jpg(6KB) | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 | ||
ASheil0401.pdf(245KB) | 智库出版物 | 限制开放 | CC BY-NC-SA | 浏览 |
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