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Smallholder farmers play a key role in the production of agricultural crops for local, national and, increasingly, international markets, including high-value tree crops.As commercial-scale agriculture has expanded and markets have seen greater integration, smallholders are forced to compete with agribusiness to meet a rising demand for food, fiber and fuel. But smallholders remain disenfranchised, often facing economic, financial and institutional constraints that make the adoption of more efficient practices and technologies more difficult and limit productivity and local livelihoods.