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Key points:

• With diverse transboundary links in environmental crimes increasingly prominent, there is a need to identify tools to enhance international or regional cooperation in order to strengthen forest enforcement.
• Mutual legal assistance (MLA) has particular potential to facilitate cooperation across jurisdictions.
• Provisions on dual criminality and predicate offenses often limit the scope for MLA on forest-related crimes, both within Indonesia and in partner countries.
• Proactive establishment of bilateral MLA agreements could strengthen MLA use, including with countries where the financiers and traders often reside and bank.
• Existing platforms provide opportunities to operationalize country commitments to international cooperation on environmental topics.