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Key messages

• Recent changes in formalizing indigenous peoples’ collective land rights in Peru have led to progress in the titling of native communities.
• Two critical problems remain, in order to consolidate and facilitate implementation: (1) the need to re-examine regulations, and standardize and simplify titling procedures, to correct inconsistencies and gaps; (2) the urgency of resolving different types of overlapping rights that arise during the regularization process, including overlaps with forest permits, non-renewable resource extraction rights and protected areas.
• The titling process, which developed as a series of initiatives linked to aid projects, now needs to be institutionalized; this means ensuring that the formalization of native communities is included in the government budget.