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Key messages

• The mobilization of indigenous and civil society organizations has been key to getting the recognition of collective rights on the political agenda, reducing gaps in the formalization of native communities and promoting implementation.
• The most recent changes in the regulations on formalization have involved the approval of specific guidelines seeking to standardize and clarify technical criteria and to expedite procedures.
• Current funding opportunities include initiatives related to REDD+ and climate negotiations, which have incorporated native community titling into their goals, although it is not clear whether they will go as far as the important step of registering the title deeds.
• Important social conflicts, such as Bagua and Saweto, have shifted public opinion in favor of indigenous peoples’ collective rights.