全球智库信息集成服务系统

REDD+ is one of the leading near-term options for global climate change mitigation. More than 300 subnational REDD+ initiatives have been launched across the tropics, responding to both the call for demonstration activities in the Bali Action Plan and the market for voluntary carbon offset credits.
This book describes 23 initiatives in six different countries, including their:

• diverse biogeographic and socioeconomic contexts
• strategies to reduce emissions over the three or more years that they have been in operation
• local populations of smallholders, whose agricultural activities are important drivers of deforestation in most sites and who are thus key stakeholders in these initiatives
• efforts to overcome or work around challenges in financing, implementing and monitoring REDD+

Early expectations of significant funding for REDD+ encouraged proponent organizations to test a wide range of strategies to reduce emissions while also delivering co-benefits. Only some have chosen the strategy of direct payments conditional on actions to reduce deforestation or degradation, and only a very few have sold carbon credits, demonstrating how REDD+ on the ground is actually a mix of old and new strategies.
Faced with enormous challenges, proponents have developed a menu of ways to: secure financial support; clarify forest tenure; cooperate and act across scales; measure, report and verify emissions; and respond to the imperative of safeguarding local livelihoods.
While subnational initiatives have successfully piloted and generated lessons for REDD+, many now face the choice of either ending or transforming into something else, due to the political uncertainty and funding constraints stemming from the failure to reach a global climate change agreement. This book highlights both the critical importance of such an agreement and in its absence, the creative ways that subnational initiatives are operating on the ground.

Contents

Executive summary

Part 1. Introduction

1 REDD+ on the ground: The need for scientific evidence

Part 2. Case reports

BRAZIL

2 Acre’s State System of Incentives for Environmental Services (SISA), Brazil
3 Bolsa Floresta, Brazil
4 Cotriguaçu Sempre Verde, Brazil: Conservation and sustainable management of natural resources
5 Jari/Amapá REDD+ Project, Brazil
6 Sustainable Landscapes Pilot Program in São Félix do Xingu, Brazil
7 Sustainable Settlements in the Amazon, Brazil

PERU

8 The REDD Project in Brazil Nut Concessions in Madre de Dios, Peru
9 Valuation of Environmental Services in the Managed Forests of Seven Indigenous Communities in Ucayali, Peru

CAMEROON

10 REDD+ around Mount Cameroon, southwest region of Cameroon
11 Community Payments for Ecosystem Services in the south and east regions of Cameroon

TANZANIA

12 Building REDD Readiness in the Masito Ugalla Ecosystem Pilot Area in Support of Tanzania’s National REDD Strategy
13 Piloting REDD in Zanzibar Through Community Forest Management, Tanzania
14 Making REDD Work for Communities and Forest Conservation in Tanzania
15 Mpingo Conservation and Development Initiative: Combining REDD, PFM and FSC certification in southeastern Tanzania
16 Pilot project on Community-Based REDD Mechanisms for Sustainable Forest Management in Semiarid Areas: The Case of Ngitilis in the Shinyanga Region, Tanzania

INDONESIA

17 Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
18 Katingan Peatland Restoration and Conservation Project, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
19 Ketapang Community Carbon Pools, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
20 Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve Project, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
21 TNC’s initiative within the Berau Forest Carbon Program, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
22 Ulu Masen REDD+ initiative, Aceh, Indonesia

VIETNAM

23 Cat Loc Landscape – Cat Tien National Park Pro-Poor REDD+ Project, Vietnam

Part 3. Synthesis

24 REDD+ on the ground: Global insights from local contexts